Gum disease comes in three stages, and these includes gingivitis, periodontitis and advanced periodontitis.

The earliest stage of gum disease is called gingivitis wherein the built-up plaque at the gum margin causes gum inflammation. The gum tissues become irritated when bacteria produces toxins causing gingivitis when plaque is not removed by daily brushing and flossing. Gum disease at an early stage can be reversed since the bone and connective tissue that hold teeth in place are not yet affected.

During the stage of periodontitis, there is an irreversible damage of the supporting bone and fibers that holds the teeth in place. Dental pockets form below the gumline, setting a trap for food and plaque causing gum infection. In prevention of further damage, one must stick to proper dental treatment and improved home care.

The final stage of gum disease is advanced periodontitis wherein the fibers and the bone that supports the teeth are destroyed causing teeth to become loose or shift. At this stage, the bite is affected, teeth may need to be removed if aggressive treatment cannot save them.